Wounding characteristics and treatment principles of ground anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

The wound mechanism, injury characteristics and treatment principles of anti-armored vehicle ammunition against armored crew in the past 20 years are summarized in this paper. Shock vibration, metal jet, depleted uranium aerosol and post armor breaking effect are the main factors for wounding armored crew. Their prominent characteristics are severe injury, high incidence of bone fracture, high rate of depleted uranium injury, and high incidence of multiple/combined injuries. During the treatment, attention must be paid on that the space of armored vehicle is limited, and the casualties should be moved outside of the cabin for comprehensive treatment. Especially, the management of depleted uranium injury and burn/inhalation injury are more important than other injuries for the armored wounds.

Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#High explosives are used to produce blast waves to study their biological effects. The lungs are considered as the critical target organ in blast-effect studies. The degree of lung hemorrhaging is related to both the explosive power and the increased lung weight. We studied the characteristics of the biological effects from an air explosion of a thermobaric bomb in a high-altitude environment and the lethality and lung injury severity of goats in different orientations and distances.@*METHODS@#Goats were placed at 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 m from the explosion center and exposed them to an air blast at an altitude of 4700-meter. A group of them standing oriented to the right side and the other group seated facing the explosion center vertically. The lung injuries were quantified according to the percentage of surface area contused, and using the pathologic severity scale of lung blast injury (PSSLBI) to score the 4 injury categories (slight, moderate, serious and severe) as 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The lung coefficient (lung weight [g]/body weight [kg]) was the indicator of pulmonary edema and was related to lung injury severity. Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to goats. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 26.0, statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).@*RESULTS@#In total, 127 goats were involved in this study. Right-side-standing goats had a significantly higher mortality rate than those seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). At the 2.5 m distance, the goat mortality was nearly 100%, whereas at 5 m, all the goats survived. Lung injuries of the right-side-standing goats were 1 - 2 grades more serious than those of seated goats at the same distances, the scores of PSSLBI were significantly higher than the seated vertical-facing goats (p < 0.05). The lung coefficient of the right-side-standing goats were significantly higher than those of seated vertical-facing (p < 0.05). Mortality, PSSLBI, and the lung coefficient results indicated that the right-side-standing goats experienced severer injuries than the seated vertical-facing goats, and the injuries were lessened as the distance increased. The blast overpressure was consistent with these results.@*CONCLUSION@#The main killing factors of the thermobaric bomb in the high-altitude environment were blast overpressure, blast wind propulsions and burn. The orientation and distances of the goats significantly affected the blast injury severity. These results may provide a research basis for diagnosing, treating and protecting against injuries from thermobaric explosions.

cAMP transfer across MEGJ mediates regulatory effect of Ang2 on hypo-reactivity after hypoxia in vascular smooth muscle cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To observe the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)transfer across myoendothelial gap junctions(MEGJ)in the regulatory effect of angiopoietin-2(Ang2)on hyporeactivity after hypoxia in vascular smooth mus-cle cells(VSMCs ).METHODS:The double-sided cell co-culture model of vascular endothelial cells(VECs )and VSMCs was set up.The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)was determined by Western blot.The contraction of VSMCs was detected via the leakage of FITC-labeled bovine serum albumin.Alexa Fluor 488-cAMP was used as the tracer to observe the cAMP transfer across MEGJ from VECs to VSMCs.RESULTS:In cultured VECs and VSMCs alone ,the cAMP concentrations were both significantly increased after exogenous Ang 2 treatment and hypoxia ,and more in VECs than that in VSMCs(P<0.05).In the double-sided cell co-culture model,the difference was weakened,and the increase in cAMP concentration in VSMCs after exogenous Ang 2 treatment and hypoxia was antagonized by connexin 43(Cx43)small interfering RNA(siRNA)(P<0.05).Alexa Fluor 488-cAMP in VECs transfered into VSMCs after exoge-nous Ang2 treatment and hypoxia,which was also antagonized by Cx43 siRNA(P<0.05).The cAMP antagonist inhibited the protein expression of iNOS in the VSMCs and the hyporeactivity of the VSMCs after exogenous Ang 2 treatment and hy-poxia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Ang2 may regulate the protein expression of iNOS in VSMCs and the hyporeactivity of VSMCs after hypoxia through the cAMP transfer across MEGJ.

HPLC fingerprints of crude and processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus / 中草药

Objective: To set up an analysis method of chromatographic fingerprint for crude and processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus by HPLC. Methods: Purospher® STAR RP18 Endcapped column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation. The separation process was carried out using a gradient elution, which was based on a mobile phase of the mixture aqueous solution with water-acetonitrile at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 282 nm and the column temperature was 25℃. The chromatographic fingerprints were analyzed with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012. 130723 Edition). Results: Totally 19 common fingerprint peaks and five constituents including salidroside, privet glycosides, especially privet glycoside, oleuropein, and oleonuezhenide were identified after optimization of the detection wavelength, mobile phase, and gradient elution conditions. Furthermore, the similarity of HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was high, being over 0.9. Conclusion: The present methodology meets the technical requirements of fingerprint with the rapid, simple, and accuracy properties and could be a basis for the intrinsic quality control standard for Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.

Perspective and application of metabonomics in modern study of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Metabonomics is a new method to study on the metabolic network and the relationship between body and environment, which conforms to the way of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In the study process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, effectively conjunction with metabonomics method will facilitate the integration of TCM with modern biological science and technology, and promote the modernization of TCM. This paper introduce the application of metabonomics in the research of toxicity mechanism of TCM, compatibility mechanism of TCM formula, pharmacology effect of TCM and processing mechanism of TCM. This paper summarize the problems in the TCM metabonomics research and prospect its bright future.

Effect of Tibetan medicine Oxytropis falcata on cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in SMMC-7721 cells / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To probe the influence of Oxytropis falcata on apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in SMMC-7721 cells. METHODS: Annexin V-FITC/ PI assay was applied to detect apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells after being treated with TFOF (total flavonoids of O. falcata). Changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression were investigated by Western blot. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis was induced significantly in SMMC-7721 cells when subjected to TFOF. Western blot showed that Bcl-2 expression was downregulated. Although Bax expression was also downregulated slightly comparing with that of control, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased significantly after TFOF treatment. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that TFOF of O. falcata may be a pro-apoptotic agent for hepatic cancer cells via its modulation of Bcl-2/Bax balance.

Antitumor effects of two extracts from Oxytropis falcata on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo / 中国天然药物

AIMS@#To investigate the antitumor effects of extracts from Oxytropis falcata on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and in transplanted murine H22 tumors in vivo.@*METHODS@#Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells were determined and tumor growth inhibition in H22 tumors was investigated. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/ PI double staining.@*RESULTS@#MTT assay revealed that essential oil and flavonoids of O. falcata (named EOOF and FOF) inhibited proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value of EOOF and FOF were 0.115 and 0.097 mg·mL(-1), respectively. Cell cycle was arrested at G(1) phase, and induction of apoptosis occurred in SMMC-7721 cells when subjected to FOF. Growth inhibition in H22 solid tumors transplanted mice was significantly pronounced after being treated with FOF, and the inhibition ratio were 56.1% and 70.8% at the concentration of 30 and 60 mg·kg(-1).@*CONCLUSION@#The results suggest that FOF promotes apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells and inhibits H22 tumor growth, resulting in a potential antitumor effect on hepatic cancer.

Relationship between Cx40/43 regulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and endothelium-dependent vascular contractive response of superior mesenteric artery in rats / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) mediated by connexin 40/43( Cx40/43) of VSMC and endothelium-dependent vascular contractive response of superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) in hemorrhagic shock rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Third to fifth passage culture of vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and VSMC from SD rats were used as study subject, the changes in contractive response of SMA and VSMC against hypoxia were observed. The expression of Cx40/43 in SMA,VEC,VSMC were blocked by Cx40/43 ASODN, then the effect of Cx40/43 on contractive response of hypoxic SMA and [Ca2+]i of VSMC were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contractive responses of SMA and VSMC after hypoxia were first increased, then decreased. Hypoxia induced calcium overload in VSMC [(82 +/- 4)% in normal control group, (115 +/- 8)% in hypoxia group at 30 min, (133 +/- 13)% in hypoxia group at 2 h]. Cx40 ASODN increased [Ca2+]i in VSMC and contractive response of SMA towards myricetin, while that of Cx43 ASODN showed opposite tendency.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cx40/43 can regulate the SMA endothelium-dependent vascular contractive response through [Ca2+]i of VSMC after hemorrhagic shock.</p>

The role of CPI-17 in vascular calcium sensitivity regulated by protein kinase Calpha and Cepsilon in rats with hemorrhagic shock / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the role of PKC-potentiated inhibitory protein for protein phosphatase 1 of 17 x 10(3) (CPI-17) in vascular calcium sensitivity regulated by protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) in rats with hemorrhagic shock (HS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight Wistar rats were used to reproduce 2 h HS model. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) rings from HS rats were randomly divided into 2 h shock group (without treatment), PKCalpha agonist group (with addition of thymelea toxin into the nutrient solution), CPI-17 antibody + PKCalpha agonist group [incubation with thymelea toxin and CPI-17 antibody (1:800)], PKCepsilon agonist group (with addition of carbachol into the nutrient solution), and CPI-17 antibody + PKCepsilon agonist group [incubation with carbachol and CPI-17 antibody (1:800)]. SMA rings from another eight normal rats were used as normal control group. Calcium sensitivity indices (Emax, pD2) of SMA rings were measured by isolated organ perfusion system. Hypoxic VSMCs in primary culture were randomly divided into 2 h hypoxia group, PKCalpha agonist group (with above-mentioned treatment), PKCepsilon agonist group (with above-mentioned treatment), normal VSMCs were used as normal control group. Protein expression and phosphorylation of CPI-17 were measured via Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Emax and pD2 in all the experimental groups were lower than those in normal control group (P < 0.01). Emax in PKCalpha agonist group and PKCepsilon agonist group was increased (5.8 +/- 0.8, 5.8 +/- 0.9 mN, respectively) as compared with that of 2 h shock group (4.1 +/- 0.6 mN, P < 0.01). Protein expression and phosphorylation of CPI-17 in VSMC were significantly decreased in 2 h hypoxia group, compared with those in normal control group (P < 0.05), and those in PKCalpha agonist and PKC agonist groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PKCalpha and PKCepsilon may regulate vascular calcium sensitivity through change in protein expression and activity of CPI-17 in HS rats.</p>

Research on components of Cornus officinalis extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Cornus officinalis extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The process was performed at 40 centigrade with pressures of 15 MPa for 2 hours and with CO2 fluid and gas at the flow rate of 22.0 kg x h(-1) and 18.0 kg x h(-1) respectively. The chemical constituents of the SFE extractions were determined by GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total amount of extractable substances or yields by SFE is 2.42% (mass). 31 Chemical constituents were identified and their relative contents were determined by normalization method of area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The major components identified in the extractions are 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, isopropyl myristate etc.</p>